Photogrammetry, aerial photography

Photogrammetry is a measurement and visual reconstruction technique that uses overlapping photographic images to derive accurate three-dimensional information about objects, environments, or terrains. It enables the creation of detailed 3D models by analysing differences in image perspectives.

Photogrammetry relies on identifying common points in multiple images taken from different viewpoints. By triangulating these points, it calculates the spatial geometry, position, and scale of the subject being captured. The technique can be applied using ground-based or aerial imagery, including drone photography and satellite data.

Key uses of photogrammetry include:

• Land surveying and geospatial mapping – for topographic modelling, cadastral documentation, and infrastructure planning
• Architecture and construction – documenting building conditions and historical sites in 3D
• Industrial inspection and digital twins – creating accurate models for planning, simulation, or maintenance
• Cultural heritage and archaeology – non-invasive reconstruction of artefacts and excavation sites

Modern photogrammetry uses high-resolution digital cameras and automated software to produce point clouds, mesh models or orthophotos, making the technique accessible across sectors from engineering to visual effects.

Read more about photogrammetry

See also: 3D Modelling, Geodesy