Industrial Internet (IIoT)

The Industrial Internet, often referred to as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), describes the integration of industrial machines, sensors, software systems, and data platforms to enable digital connectivity and intelligent automation across industrial environments. It extends traditional operational technology (OT) by linking it with modern information technology (IT), enabling real-time data exchange, advanced analytics, and intelligent decision-making.

At its core, IIoT connects physical devices (e.g. sensors, actuators, machinery) to digital systems via wired or wireless networks. These devices continuously generate data that is processed and visualised using industrial software platforms, edge computing, and cloud-based analytics tools. Key features include:

• Real-time monitoring of machine performance and environmental conditions
• Predictive and condition-based maintenance through data analysis
• Seamless data flow across production systems and enterprise applications
• Interoperability through standardised protocols such as MQTT, OPC UA, or Modbus
• Integration with digital twin models, manufacturing execution systems (MES), and enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Applications and Benefits

• Operational efficiency: Optimising production workflows and reducing downtime
• Safety improvement: Monitoring hazardous environments and preventing failures
• Energy and resource efficiency: Minimising waste and emissions through data-driven optimisation
• Predictive maintenance: Detecting anomalies before breakdowns occur
• Remote diagnostics and support: Allowing technicians to assess conditions off-site
• Scalable automation: Enabling flexible and responsive manufacturing systems

IIoT is foundational to Industry 4.0 strategies and supports the development of smart factories, where machines, systems and people work in synergy through data.

See also: IoT, Real-time monitoring