Georeferencing

Georeferencing is the process of assigning real-world geographic coordinates to spatial data such as maps, aerial images, point clouds, or 3D models. This enables the alignment of the data within a specific coordinate system (e.g. WGS84, ETRS89) so it can be accurately positioned on the Earth’s surface.

The process involves linking identifiable points in the dataset, such as landmarks, control points, or known coordinates, to corresponding positions on a map or geospatial reference system. Once georeferenced, the data can be combined with other spatial datasets, analysed within GIS environments, or used in applications such as surveying, infrastructure design, and digital twins.

Georeferencing is essential for ensuring that 2D and 3D data, such as laser scans, drone imagery, and construction plans, can be accurately integrated into geospatial workflows. It supports tasks such as map alignment, asset tracking, environmental modelling, and change detection over time.

See also: Cartography, Coordinate Surveying, Geodesy