Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a digital 3D representation of the Earth’s surface topography, showing elevation data in a gridded or raster format. Each cell in the model contains a single elevation value, allowing for detailed analysis of terrain characteristics.

DEMs are widely used in geospatial analysis, urban and environmental planning, flood risk assessment, infrastructure development, and visualisation. They serve as the foundation for slope analysis, watershed modelling, line-of-sight calculations, and landscape simulations.

DEM data can be obtained through remote sensing techniques such as LiDAR, photogrammetry, or radar. The models are often integrated with GIS systems to enhance decision-making and spatial analysis workflows.

See also: Cartography, Coordinate Surveying, Geodesy