Control point surveying

Control point surveying is a geodetic technique used to establish fixed, accurately known reference points in physical terrain. These control points form the spatial framework for all subsequent measurements, mapping activities, and engineering projects in the area, ensuring consistency and precision across different data sets and survey phases.

Control points are determined using high-precision instruments such as GNSS receivers (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), total stations, or laser scanners. The points themselves are often marked permanently in the landscape using concrete pillars, metal plates, or embedded markers. Each control point is georeferenced in a specified coordinate system—global or local—and may also include elevation and metadata.

This method is essential for construction site planning, infrastructure development, topographic mapping, and land registry, where positional accuracy is critical. Control points enable the alignment of point clouds, drone imagery, CAD drawings, and BIM models, forming the spatial backbone of reliable digital documentation.

See also: GNSS, Geodesy