Data Model, Data Modelling
A data model is a structured, logical representation of information that defines how data is organised, stored, interpreted, and exchanged between systems. It acts as a framework for understanding complex data relationships and for managing information in a consistent, accessible, and machine-readable format.
Data models play a central role in fields such as construction, engineering, industrial design, and digital twin technology. They define both geometric (shape, dimensions, position) and semantic (meaning, classification, relationships) aspects of digital objects. A robust data model enables software and users to interact with data consistently and precisely, forming the backbone for advanced solutions such as:
- BIM (Building Information Modelling)
- Digital twins of industrial assets
- 3D design systems
- Simulation and visualisation platforms
Data models can be static (capturing the current state of an object) or dynamic (updated with real-time input), supporting various phases of an asset’s lifecycle—from planning and design to operation and maintenance.
Applications
- Facilitating cross-disciplinary collaboration through shared data structures
- Supporting decision-making by enabling simulation, analysis, and performance optimisation
- Reducing redundancy in data collection and documentation
- Integrating systems such as GIS, IoT sensors, and automation platforms
- Enabling compliance with industry standards (e.g. IFC, ISO 19650)
Well-designed data models are critical for achieving efficiency, accuracy, and traceability in modern industrial and infrastructure projects.