Simulation, Scenario Simulation
Simulation refers to the use of computer-based tools to model, analyse and predict the behaviour of real-world or hypothetical systems. It enables the safe and cost-effective testing of scenarios that would otherwise be too expensive, risky or impractical to conduct in the real world.
Simulations replicate physical processes or systems using mathematical models, physics engines, and real-time data inputs. They may involve deterministic or stochastic variables, and range from simple calculations to complex virtual environments.
Scenario simulation is a subset of this method, allowing engineers and decision-makers to test different “what-if” scenarios and evaluate their potential outcomes under varied conditions. These simulations can incorporate external factors such as resource availability, timing delays, or system failures.
Simulation is widely applied in fields such as:
- Engineering: Mechanical stress testing, process design, system performance
- Logistics: Supply chain optimisation, traffic flow forecasting
- Aviation: Pilot training, system reliability testing
- Education and training: Virtual labs, safety training
- Industrial design: Digital twins simulate plant operations, upgrades, and safety scenarios before implementation
In construction, scenario simulations help identify structural risks, optimise material usage and plan sequences of work – reducing surprises during execution. In digital twin platforms, simulations allow real-time feedback and adaptive decision-making based on virtual prototypes.
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